Roman calendar and festivals

Origially the Roman calendar an festivals were based upon the mooncycle. The three anchor points Kalends Nonis and Ides stem therefrom: Kalends is new moon, Nonis the first quarter and Ides the full moon.
Though this relation was abandonned and fixed in this solar calendar, they were still used to indicate the days in the months.
The day would be indicated as the number of days before the next nonis, ides or kalends, but inclusive that day.
3 examples:

January 2 : Ante diem IV Non. Ian . (4 days to nonis of January)
May 26 : Ante diem VII kal. Iun. (VII days to the kalend of June)
The last day before kalends,nones or ides was called pridie...: march 6 : Pridie nonas Mart.

All these indications are easely found in the Roman calendar and festivals.

The Roman did not know weeks as we do now, bus used a system of 8 days: A B C D E F G H, where day H was the market day.

Roman calender before Iualian reforms Thanks to Wikipedia

At this calender from before Julius Ceasar (July is still called Quintilis)
It was one of the tasks of the pontifices to determine which days were fasti (F) or nefasti (N), days when legal matters could or could not be handled.
On days marked with a C a comitia (public assembly) was allowed etc

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IFM AMI IAS OND

	Ianuarius		Februarius		Martius
1	KALENDS	1	KALENDS	1	KALENDS new Year; Matronalia Feriae Marti Renewal of the fire of Vesta
2	IV Compitalia	2	IV	2	VI
3	III	3	III	3	V
4	PRIDIE NONAS	4	PRIDIE NONAS	4	IV
5	NONIS	5	NONIS	5	III
6	VIII	6	VIII	6	PRIDIE NONAS
7	VII	7	VII	7	NONIS
8	VI	8	VI	8	VIII
9	V Agonalia	9	V	9	VII
10	IV	10	IV	10	VI
11	III Carmentalia	11	III	11	V
12	PRIDIE IDUS	12	PRIDIE IDUS	12	IV
13	IDES	13	IDES Parentalia Lupercalia	13	III
14	XIX	14	XVI (XVII) Parentalia Lupercalia	14	PRIDIE IDUS 2nd Equirria
15	XVIII Carmentalia	15	XV (XVI) Parentalia Lupercalia	15	IDES Bacchanalia
16	XVII	16	XIV (XV) Parentalia	16	XVII Bacchanalia
17	XVI	17	XIII (XIV) Parentalia Quirianlia	17	XVI Agonalia
18	XV	18	XII (XIII) Parentalia	18	XV
19	XIV	19	XI (XII) Parentalia	19	XIV Quinquatria
20	XIII	20	X (XI) Parentalia	20	XIII Quinquatria
21	XII	21	IX (X) Parentalia Feralia	21	XII Quinquatria
22	XI	22	VIII (IX) Parentalia	22	XI Quinquatria
23	X	23	VII (VIII) Terminalia	23	X Quinquatria Tubilustrium
24	IX Sementivae	24	VI (VII)	24	IX
25	VIII Sementivae	25	V (VI)	25	VIII
26	VII Sementivae	26	IV (V)	26	VII
22	VI	27	III (VI) Equirria	27	VI
82	V	28	PRIDIE KALEND.(III)	28	V
29	IV	29	(PD)	29	IV
30	III			30	III Salus
31	PRIDIE KALEND			31	PRIDIE KALEND

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	APRILIS		MAIUS		IUNIUS
1	KALENDS Veneralia	1	KALENDS Floralia Bona Dea	1	KALENDS
2	IV	2	VI	2	IV
3	III	3	V	3	III Bellona
4	PRIDIE NONAS Ludi Megalenses	4	IV	4	PRIDIE NONAS
5	NONIS Ludi Megalenses	5	III	5	NONIS
6	VIII Ludi Megalenses	6	PRIDIE NONAS	6	VIII
7	VII Ludi Megalenses	7	NONIS	7	VII Vestalia
8	VI Ludi Megalenses	8	VIII	8	VI Vestalia
9	V Ludi Megalenses	9	VII Lemuria	9	V Vestalia
10	IV Ludi Megalenses	10	VI	10	IV Vestalia
11	III	11	V	11	III Vestalia
12	PRIDIE IDUS Ludi Cereales	12	IV	12	PRIDIE IDUS Vestalia
13	IDES Ludi Cereales	13	III	13	IDES Vestalia / Quinquatrus m
14	XVIII Ludi Cereales	14	PRIDIE IDUS	14	XVIII Vestalia
15	XVII Ludi Cereales Fordicidia	15	IDES Mercuralia	15	XVII Vestalia
16	XVI Ludi Cereales	16	XVII	16	XVI
17	XV Ludi Cereales	17	XVI	17	XV
18	XIV Ludi Cereales	18	XV	18	XIV
19	XIII Ludi Cereales	19	XIV	19	XIII Adonia
20	XII	20	XIII	20	XII festival i.o. Summanus
21	XI Parilia	21	XII Veiovis	21	XI
22	X	22	XI	22	X
23	IX Vinalia urbana	23	X	23	IX
24	VIII	24	IX	24	VIII
25	VII Robigalia	25	VIII	25	VII
26	VI	26	VII	26	VI
22	V	27	VI	27	V
28	IV Floralia	28	V	28	IV
29	III Floralia	29	IV	29	III
30	PRIDIE KALEND Floralia	30	III	30	PRIDIE KALEND
	-----	31	PRIDIE KALEND.		-------

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	QUINTILIS (IULIUS)		SEXTILIS (AUGUSTUS)		SEPTEMBER Septimontium
1	Kalendis Poplifugia	1	Kalendis	1	Kalendis
2	VI	2	IV	2	IV
3	V	3	III	3	III
4	IV	4	PRIDIE NONAS	4	PRIDIE NONAS Ludi Romani
5	III	5	NONIS	5	NONIS Ludi Romani
6	PRIDIE NONAS Ludi Apollinares	6	VIII	6	VIII Ludi Romani
7	NONIS Ludi Apollinares Nonae caprotinae Sacerdotes publici	7	VI	7	VII Ludi Romani
8	VIII Ludi Apollinares	8	VI	8	VI Ludi Romani
9	VII Ludi Apollinares Caprotinia	9	V	9	V Ludi Romani
10	VI Ludi Apollinares	10	IV Opalia	10	IV Ludi Romani
11	IVV Ludi Apollinares	11	III	11	III Ludi Romani
12	III Ludi Apollinares	12	PRIDIE IDUS	12	PRIDIE IDUS Ludi Romani
13	PRIDIE IDUS Ludi Apollinares	13	IDES Vertumnalia Nemoralia	13	IDES Ludi Romani
14	IDES	14	XIX	14	XVIII Ludi Romani
15	XVIII	15	XVIII	15	XVII Ludi Romani
16	XVII	16	XVII	16	XVI Ludi Romani
17	XVI	17	XVI Vinalia Rustica	17	XV Ludi Romani
18	XV	18	XV	18	XIV Ludi Romani
19	XIV Lucaria	19	XIV	19	XIII Ludi Romani
20	XIII	20	XIII	20	XII
21	XII	21	XII Consualia	21	XI
22	XI	22	XI	22	X
23	X Neptunalia	23	X Vulcanalia	23	IX
24	IX	24	IX	24	VIII
25	VIII	25	VIII Opiconsivia	25	VII
26	VII	26	VII	26	VI Venus genetrix
22	VI	27	VI Volturnalia	27	V
82	V	28	V festival of Sol	28	IV
29	IV	29	IV	29	III
30	III	30	III	30	PRIDIE KALEND
31	PRIDIE KALEND.	31	PRIDIE KALEND.		-----

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	OCTOBER		NOVEMBER		DECEMBER
1	KALENDS	1	KALENDS	1	KALENDS
2	VI	2	IV	2	IV
3	V	3	III	3	III
4	IV leiunius Cereris	4	PRIDIE NONAS Ludi Plebeii	4	PRIDIE NONAS Bona Dea
5	III Mundus open	5	IDIBUS Ludi Plebeii	5	IDIBUS Faunalia
6	PRIDIE NONAS	6	VIII Ludi Plebeii	6	VIII
7	IDIBUS	7	VII Ludi Plebeii	7	VII
8	VIII	8	VI Ludi Plebeii	8	VI
9	VII	9	V Ludi Plebeii	9	V
10	VI	10	IV Ludi Plebeii	10	IV
11	V Meditrinalia	11	III Ludi Plebeii	11	III Agonalia; Septimontium
12	IV	12	PRIDIE IDUS Ludi Plebeii	12	PRIDIE IDUS
13	III Fontinalia	13	IDES Ludi Plebeii Epulum Jovis	13	IDES
14	PRIDIE IDUS	14	XVIII Ludi Plebeii	14	XIX
15	IDES Equirria	15	XVII Ludi Plebeii Feronia	15	XVIII Consualia
16	XVI	16	XVI Ludi Plebeii	16	XVII
17	XV	17	XV Ludi Plebeii	17	XVI Saturnalia
18	XIV	18	XIV	18	XV Eponalia
19	XIII Armilustrium	19	XIII	19	XIV Opalia
20	XII	20	XII	20	XIII
21	XI	21	XI	21	XII Divalia
22	X	22	X	22	XI
23	IX	23	IX	23	X Larentalia
24	VIII	24	VIII	24	IX
25	VII	25	VII	25	VIII Dies natalis Solis invicti; Brumalia
26	I	26	VI	26	VII
22	V	27	V	27	VI
82	V	28	IV	28	V
29	IV	29	III	29	IV
30	III	30	PRIDIE KALEND.	30	III
31	PRIDIE KALEND.			31	PRIDIE KALEND.